Class 12 · Notes

Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter— Notes, Formulas & Revision

Complete revision notes and formulas for Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter (Class 12). Curated for JEE, NEET, AP Physics, SAT, and CUET. Tap any topic to open the live simulation and full PYQ set.

Photoelectric Effect

Animated photons knock electrons out of metals — Einstein's KE_max = hf − φ with 4 metal choices.

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Threshold Frequency

KE_max vs f plot — zero below f₀ = φ/h, linear slope h above. Compare 4 metals.

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KE vs Frequency

Parallel lines of slope h/e = 4.14 × 10⁻¹⁵ V·s — same slope, different intercepts per metal.

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Intensity vs Current

Higher intensity → more photoelectrons → higher saturation current. Same V_s across intensities.

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Stopping Potential

eV_s = hf − φ — split view: I–V curve + V_s vs f plot with live point.

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Wave-Particle Duality

Double-slit with wave, particle, and both modes — see interference fringes build from discrete hits.

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de Broglie Wavelength

λ = h/(mv) — Gaussian wavepacket across 4 particle types from electron to dust.

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Electron Diffraction

Bragg diffraction 2d sinθ = nλ — Ni crystal lattice + I vs θ plot with n=1,2,3 peaks.

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Matter Wave Visualization

Traveling Gaussian ψ(x,t) in position + |φ(k)|² in momentum — two reciprocal views.

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Heisenberg Uncertainty

Δx · Δp ≥ ℏ/2 — tune position spread; momentum spread responds inversely. Live product.

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Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter on sciphylab (also known as SciPhy, SciPhy Lab, SciPhy Labs). Free physics revision for Class 12, JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, NEET UG, AP Physics 1/2/C, SAT Subject Physics, and CUET-UG.