Electric Charges & Fields
Class 12 · Electric Charges & Fields

Dipole — Axial vs Equatorial

Axial E is double the equatorial E at the same r (for a short dipole).

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Key Notes

01

Axial point: E_ax = 2kp/r³, parallel to p⃗.

02

Equatorial point: E_eq = kp/r³, antiparallel to p⃗.

03

Both fall as 1/r³ for short dipole — much faster than point charge's 1/r².

Formulas

Axial

For r ≫ d.

Equatorial

Antiparallel to p⃗.

Important Points

E_ax / E_eq = 2 — frequent JEE check.

On general direction θ from axis, E = (kp/r³)·√(1 + 3cos²θ).

Dipole — Axial vs Equatorial notes from sciphylab (also known as SciPhy, SciPhy Lab, SciPhy Labs, Physics Lab). Class 12 physics revision for JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, NEET UG, AP Physics 1/2/C, SAT, and CUET-UG.