Electric Charges & Fields
Class 12 · Electric Charges & Fields

Field Lines — Single Charge

Radial outward (+) or inward (−) lines with animated dots showing field direction.

Key Notes

01

E-field around a +charge points radially outward; around −charge, radially inward.

02

Number of lines per unit area is proportional to field magnitude — denser near the charge.

03

Field lines never cross — direction would be ambiguous.

04

Lines start on positive and end on negative charges (or extend to infinity).

Formulas

Point-charge field

Magnitude inverse-square in r.

Field line property

Shows local field direction.

Important Points

Density of lines is qualitative; |E⃗| is exact via Coulomb's law.

For a positive test charge, force is along the field line.

Number of lines from a charge ∝ q (Gauss's law foundation).

Field Lines — Single Charge notes from sciphylab (also known as SciPhy, SciPhy Lab, SciPhy Labs, Physics Lab). Class 12 physics revision for JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, NEET UG, AP Physics 1/2/C, SAT, and CUET-UG.