Class 11 · Notes

Waves— Notes, Formulas & Revision

Complete revision notes and formulas for Waves (Class 11). Curated for JEE, NEET, AP Physics, SAT, and CUET. Tap any topic to open the live simulation and full PYQ set.

Transverse Wave

y(x,t) = A sin(kx − ωt) — particles oscillate ⟂.

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Longitudinal Wave

Compressions / rarefactions along propagation.

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Wave Propagation

Pulse moves at speed v across the medium.

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Wavelength × Frequency (Mechanical)

v = fλ — see λ marker on the wave.

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Wave Speed on a String

v = √(T/μ).

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Interference

Constructive vs destructive at φ = 0° / 180°.

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Beats

f_beat = |f₁ − f₂| — envelope visible.

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Standing Wave on String

λ_n = 2L/n — nodes & antinodes.

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Nodes & Antinodes

Highlighted N and A on a vibrating string.

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Sound Wave Propagation

Concentric wavefronts from a point source.

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Sound Speed in Media

Air vs water vs steel vs diamond.

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Doppler — Source Moving

Pitch shifts as source approaches/recedes.

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Doppler — Observer Moving

Observer's motion changes perceived frequency.

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Doppler — Both Moving

f' = f(v±v_o)/(v∓v_s).

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Harmonics on a String

f_n = nv/2L — first 6 harmonics.

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Organ Pipe (Open / Closed)

Open: nv/2L. Closed: (2n−1)v/4L.

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Energy Transport

P = ½μvω²A² — power along a string.

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Phase Difference

φ = (2π/λ) Δx — visualize phase vs path.

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Practice Waves PYQs →Run the simulations →All Class 11 chapters →

Waves on sciphylab (also known as SciPhy, SciPhy Lab, SciPhy Labs). Free physics revision for Class 11, JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, NEET UG, AP Physics 1/2/C, SAT Subject Physics, and CUET-UG.