Field Lines — Dipole

Dipole = +q and −q separated by small distance d. Dipole moment p⃗ = qd⃗ (from − to +).

Field lines emerge from + and curve to enter −. Density highest along the dipole axis.

Far away, |E| ∝ 1/r³ — falls faster than a single point charge (which goes as 1/r²).

Net charge of dipole = 0, but E ≠ 0 because charges aren't at the same point.