Vernier Caliper

Least count (LC) = value of 1 main-scale division − value of 1 vernier-scale division.

Typical LC = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm for a 10-division vernier.

Reading = main-scale reading (MSR) + (vernier-scale division that aligns) × LC.

Check for zero error first; subtract it from all readings.