Mechanical Properties of Solids

Full σ–ε curve with proportional, elastic, yield, plastic, UTS and fracture zones. Watch a rod neck and snap.

σ = Yε — stretch a steel bar, watch ΔL grow linearly with F. Live σ–ε point on the Hooke line.

Four wires (steel, copper, Al, brass) under same load — stiff materials stretch less.

B = −ΔP/(ΔV/V) — cube compresses under hydrostatic pressure. 3D iso visual + live bar.

G = F/(Aφ) — block sheared into a parallelogram. Watch angle φ grow linearly with τ.

ν = −ε_T/ε_L — rod extends axially, contracts laterally. See the grid deform.

U = ½σε·V — area under σ–ε curve fills as the wire stretches; energy bar grows live.