Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance
Class 12 · Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance

V & E vs Distance

1/r and 1/r² overlaid — confirm E = −dV/dr.

Run simulation

Key Notes

01

V = kq/r and E = kq/r². Both fall, but V slower than E.

02

E = −dV/dr — field is negative gradient of potential.

03

Plot V vs r: hyperbola decreasing from infinity at r=0 to 0 at r=∞.

Formulas

Relation

Field points toward decreasing V.

Important Points

Hot tip: where V is constant in space, E = 0 (e.g., inside a conductor).

If you move along an equipotential, no work is done.

V & E vs Distance notes from sciphylab (also known as SciPhy, SciPhy Lab, SciPhy Labs, Physics Lab). Class 12 physics revision for JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, NEET UG, AP Physics 1/2/C, SAT, and CUET-UG.