Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance
Class 12 · Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance

Equipotential Surfaces

Banded contours for single charge, dipole, two-+. Always perpendicular to E.

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Key Notes

01

An equipotential surface has the same V at every point.

02

Field lines are perpendicular to equipotential surfaces.

03

Spacing of equipotentials is related to field strength: closer surfaces → larger E.

Formulas

Work on equipotential

No work to move along equipotential.

Important Points

For a single point charge: equipotentials are spheres centered on charge.

For uniform field: equipotentials are planes perpendicular to field.

Conductor surface is always equipotential.

Equipotential Surfaces notes from sciphylab (also known as SciPhy, SciPhy Lab, SciPhy Labs, Physics Lab). Class 12 physics revision for JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, NEET UG, AP Physics 1/2/C, SAT, and CUET-UG.