Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance
Class 12 · Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance
E = −dV/dx
Linear V → constant E. Graphs side-by-side.
Key Notes
01
Field is the negative gradient of potential: E⃗ = −∇V.
02
In 1D: E_x = −dV/dx. Steeper V slope → stronger field.
03
If V = const, E = 0.
Formulas
1D
Negative slope of V curve.
3D
Vector form.
Important Points
Equipotential surfaces have ∇V parallel to surface normal — so E ⟂ surface.
Conservative field → ∮ E⃗·dl⃗ = 0 around any loop.
E = −dV/dx notes from sciphylab (also known as SciPhy, SciPhy Lab, SciPhy Labs, Physics Lab). Class 12 physics revision for JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, NEET UG, AP Physics 1/2/C, SAT, and CUET-UG.